Oxygen Generating Systems in Spaceflight: Exploring the Vika Oxygen Generator
The human body requires oxygen to function, and without a sufficient supply, we cannot survive. Spacecraft are not immune to this basic requirement for life, and so much attention has been given to the development of oxygen generating systems for spaceflight. The Vika oxygen generator is one such system, being used on both the retired Mir space station and the International Space Station. In this blog, we will explore the Vika oxygen generator in more detail, examining its history, function, and potential future role in space exploration.
The Vika oxygen generator is a type of solid-fuel oxygen generator (SFOG), also known as a chemical oxygen generator. It was developed by the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, as a supplement to the Elektron oxygen system on the Mir space station. The system is based on the use of lithium perchlorate, which reacts with itself to produce oxygen. A Vika module, or "candle," is a small device containing about one liter of lithium perchlorate. When ignited, the candle burns and produces oxygen for one person for 24 hours.
The Vika oxygen generator has been used successfully on both the Mir space station and the International Space Station. On the Mir station, the Vika system was used to supplement the Elektron oxygen system, which experienced problems during the later stages of the station's operational life. On the International Space Station, the Vika generators serve as backup systems in case of failure of the primary oxygen generation system.
The Vika oxygen generator has several advantages over other oxygen generation systems used in spaceflight. It is relatively small and lightweight, making it easy to transport and install on spacecraft. It also has a long shelf life, meaning that the candles can be stored on spacecraft for years without requiring replacement. Additionally, the Vika system does not require a power source to function, making it a reliable backup system in case of emergencies.
Despite its many advantages, the Vika oxygen generator is not without its limitations. One of the main drawbacks of the system is that it produces a significant amount of carbon dioxide during the oxygen generation process. This can cause problems if the system is used in an enclosed space, such as a spacecraft. Additionally, the system cannot be used to generate oxygen for long-term habitation, as it produces oxygen at a slower rate than other systems.
Looking to the future, the Vika oxygen generator may have a role to play in future space exploration missions. Its small size and weight, as well as its long shelf life and backup capability, make it an attractive option for use on long-duration missions away from Earth. However, its limitations will need to be addressed before it can be used as a primary oxygen generation system. This may involve the development of new technologies, such as advanced carbon dioxide scrubbers or improved lithium perchlorate compositions.
In conclusion, the Vika oxygen generator is a solid-fuel oxygen generator that has been used successfully on both the retired Mir space station and the International Space Station. It has several advantages over other oxygen generation systems used in spaceflight, including its small size and weight, long shelf life, and backup capability. However, its limitations will need to be addressed before it can be used as a primary oxygen generation system on long-duration missions away from Earth. With continued research and development, the Vika oxygen generator may have an important role to play in future space exploration missions.